Journal of African Development

This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of green finance and its strategic role in accelerating the energy transition through a comparative study of two globally leading models: the German model, driven by industrial innovation and credit-based financing, and the Norwegian model, anchored in sovereign surpluses and long-term savings. The research posits that green finance has evolved beyond mere liquidity provision into an integrated framework for managing geopolitical and environmental risks.

The findings demonstrate that the functional synergy between German innovative dynamism and Norwegian sovereign resilience provides the ideal roadmap for achieving energy security and fiscal sustainability. Furthermore, the study reveals that regulatory stability and rigorous governance (such as ESG standards) are the primary safeguards for attracting long-term investment and mitigating greenwashing risks, particularly amidst current global crises